What Is a NICS
Background Check?

Learn what the NICS background check is, how it works for firearm purchases, and what to do if you are delayed or denied. Understand how to request your FBI background check.

What Does NICS Stand For?

NICS stands for the National Instant Criminal Background Check System, a federal system operated by the FBI to determine whether a person is eligible to purchase a firearm.

When someone attempts to purchase a firearm from a Federal Firearms Licensee, the dealer submits the buyer’s information to NICS for review.

The system checks multiple federal and state databases to determine whether the individual is legally prohibited from possessing a firearm.

Who Can Run a NICS Background Check?

Only authorized entities can initiate a NICS check, including:

  • Federal Firearms Licensees
  • Licensed gun dealers
  • Law enforcement agencies
  • Certain authorized government agencies

Individuals cannot request a NICS check on themselves and must go through a licensed firearm dealer.

Certifix does not conduct NICS checks.

What Databases Does NICS Review?

The NICS system searches several national databases, including:

  • Interstate Identification Index
  • National Crime Information Center
  • NICS Index

Based on the review, the result will be:

  • Proceed
  • Delayed
  • Denied

What If Your NICS Check Is Delayed?

A delayed status means the system needs additional time to review records.
Common reasons for a delay include:

Accurate identification

Similar names or identifying
information

live-scan-icon1-min

Incomplete or outdated
records

Recent legal records not yet
updated

In most cases, the FBI has up to three business days to complete a delayed review.
If the delay remains unresolved, the dealer may be legally allowed to transfer the firearm depending on federal and state laws.

What If You Are Denied?

If you receive a denied status, you have the right to file a NICS appeal.
Common reasons for denial include:

  • Felony convictions
  • Domestic violence convictions
  • Active restraining orders
  • Immigration status issues
  • Errors in criminal record reporting

In some cases, denials occur due to record errors or mistaken identity, which can often be identified by reviewing your FBI background check.

How to Check What Is on Your Record

Although you cannot run your own NICS check, you can request a copy of your FBI Identity History Summary. This fingerprint-based background check allows you to see exactly what appears in federal criminal databases.

Many individuals request an FBI background check to:

  • Review their criminal history
  • Prepare for a NICS appeal
  • Confirm record accuracy
  • Resolve mistaken identity issues

How Certifix Can Help

Certifix Live Scan fingerprint capture for background checks and identity verification

Certifix offers FBI Fingerprint-Based Background Checks nationwide.

We capture your fingerprints and submit them to the FBI so you can receive your official Identity History Summary.

This may help you:

  • Understand what appears in federal records
  • Identify potential issues before a firearm purchase
  • Prepare documentation for a NICS appealGet your FBI background check today to review your record and identify any issues before your next firearm purchase.
Start your FBI background check here

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

  • What does a “delayed” NICS check mean?

    A delayed status means the FBI needs additional time to review your background information. This may happen if your name or details are similar to someone in the system. The FBI has up to 3 business days to make a final determination.

  • What happens if my NICS check is denied?

    If your NICS check is denied, the firearm transfer cannot proceed. You have the right to appeal the decision through the FBI’s NICS Appeals Services Team (NAST). You may need to submit fingerprints and supporting documentation.

  • Why was my NICS check delayed or denied?

    Common reasons for a delayed or denied NICS check include having a similar name or identity to someone with a criminal record, missing or incomplete court records, prior arrests without updated final dispositions, or errors within government databases.

  • Can I check my NICS status online?

    No. Individuals cannot directly access the NICS system. Only the dealer or agency that initiated the check can receive updates. If you filed an appeal, you can track it through the FBI’s appeal system.

  • How long does a NICS delay last?

    The FBI has up to 3 business days to resolve a delayed status. If no response is provided within that time, the dealer may proceed with the transfer, depending on state laws.

  • What is the NICS Voluntary Appeal File (VAF)?

    The Voluntary Appeal File allows individuals who are frequently delayed or denied to submit their fingerprints and information to the FBI in advance. If approved, you will receive a UPIN (Unique Personal Identification Number) to help prevent future delays.

  • What is a UPIN and how do I get one?

    A UPIN is issued by the FBI to individuals in the Voluntary Appeal File. It helps distinguish you from others with similar names. To get one, you must apply through the FBI and submit fingerprints.

  • Will an FBI background check show the same results as NICS?

    Not exactly. A NICS check is a real-time system used specifically for firearm purchases, while an FBI background check provides a more detailed record of your criminal history. Reviewing your FBI report can help identify errors or missing information that may lead to a NICS delay or denial.

  • Can errors on my record affect a NICS check?

    Yes. Incorrect or outdated records are one of the most common causes of delays and denials. Reviewing your FBI background check allows you to identify and correct these issues.

  • How do I correct errors on my FBI background check?

    You must contact the agency that submitted the incorrect information (such as a court or law enforcement agency). The FBI does not change records without official updates from the reporting agency.

  • Do all states follow the same NICS process?

    Not exactly. Some states act as Point of Contact (POC) states and run their own background checks in addition to or instead of the FBI NICS system.

  • Can I speed up a NICS background check?

    No. NICS checks are processed as quickly as possible. However, enrolling in the Voluntary Appeal File (VAF) and obtaining a UPIN can help reduce delays in the future.

  • Is a NICS check the same as a background check for employment?

    No. NICS checks are specifically for firearm eligibility. Employment background checks may include additional records such as credit history, employment verification, and more.

  • Can non-U.S. citizens pass a NICS check?

    In some cases, yes. Eligibility depends on immigration status and compliance with federal and state laws.

  • What should I do before purchasing a firearm to avoid delays?

    To help avoid delays, make sure your legal records are accurate and up to date, consider requesting an FBI background check in advance to review your history, and apply for a UPIN if you’ve experienced prior delays.

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